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Sodium Thiosulfate

Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3·5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo.” It is soluble in water and is a mild reducing agent. The crystals will keep for several years if kept dry. 

Industrial production
On an industrial scale, sodium thiosulfate is produced chiefly from liquid waste products of sodium sulfide or sulfur dye manufacture. 

Photographic processing
This application as a photographic fixer was discovered by John Herschel. It used for both film and photographic paper processing, the sodium thiosulfate is known as a photographic fixer, and is often referred to as hypo, from the original chemical name, hyposulphite of soda.

Gold extraction
Sodium thiosulfate is a component of an alternative lixiviant to cyanide for extraction of gold.[5] However, It forms a strong soluble complex with gold(I) ions, [Au(S2O3)2]3-. The advantage of this approach is that thiosulfate is essentially non-toxic and that ore types that are refractory to gold cyanidation (e.g. carbonaceous or Carlin type ores) can be leached by thiosulfate. Some problems with this alternative process include the high consumption of thiosulfate, and the lack of a suitable recovery technique, since [Au(S2O3)2]3- does not adsorb to activated carbon, which is the standard technique used in gold cyanidation to separate the gold complex from the ore slurry.

Medical
It has been used as treatment of calciphylaxis in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease.[6]
It is used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning.[7][8] Thiosulfate serves as a sulfur donor for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate (which can then be safely excreted in the urine), catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanase.
It is used in the management of extravasations during chemotherapy. Sodium thiosulfate prevents alkylation and tissue destruction by providing a substrate for the alkylating agents that have invaded the subcutaneous tissues. The dose may be 2mL of 0.17M (a solution of 4mL 10% sodium thiosulfate and 6mL sterile water for injection). It may be instilled subcutaneously into multiple sites using a small gauge needle. There are limited data on this method with few recommendations.[citation needed]
in foot baths for prophylaxis of ringworm, and as a topical antifungal agent for tinea versicolor.
in measuring the volume of extracellular body fluid and the renal glomerular filtration rate.

Health Suppliment (Neutralization)
Sodium Thiosulfate also use as a health suppliment for livestock. Mostaly in poultry farms it used for Chickens. Below are few general methods to use Sodium Thiosulfate as a suppliment for livestock.

Eye-drop Method
Spray Method
Drinking Water Method
Injection to adult birds
Injection in hatchery (It is used by two ways 1. The in Ova Vaccination 2. Sub cutaneous injection.)

Other Uses
Sodium thiosulfate is also used:
As a component in hand warmers and other chemical heating pads that produce heat by exothermic crystallization of a supercooled solution.
In bleach
To lower chlorine levels in swimming pools and spas following super chlorination.
To remove chlorine following bleach use in surface design of textiles.
To remove iodine stains, e.g. after the explosion of nitrogen triiodide.
As part of patina recipes for copper alloys.
Often used in pharmaceutical preparations as an anionic surfactant to aid in dispersion.
As an ingredient to table salt, e.g. Sysco Corporation's small packets of Iodized Salt.