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The buffer register is also called the buffer, which is the input buffer and the output buffer. The former is a temporary storage of the data sent in so that the processor can take it away. The latter is used to temporarily store the data that the processor sends to the peripherals. Because the buffer is attached to the data bus, it must have a three-state output function.

Cache memory

Cache memory, or Cache. We know that the data distribution tendency of concentrated than program so obvious, if put in a period of time must address range is frequently accessed information collection from the main wholesale system, when the CPU access to the data, the Cache can directly find the probability, it is an important indicator of the Cache, and the size of the Cache replacement algorithm, application characteristics and other factors. After adding the Cache, the CPU will be able to access the main memory at a budgeted speed, and 64KB Cache can Cache the main memory of 4MB, and the ratio is above 90%. The CPU (the clock cycle is about 10ns), the Cache of 20ns, the RAM of 70ns, and 90% of the hit rate of the CPU is 90% calculated, and the CPU has the period of the main memory: 20 times 0.9 + 70 x 0.1 = 34ns when there is a Cache. When there is no Cache, 70 times 1 is 70 ns. Thus, after the Cache, the speed of the CPU access to main memory greatly improved, but there is a little note that gal Cache only accelerated the speed of the CPU access to main memory, and CPU access to main memory is only part of the whole computer operating, so to increase the Cache on the system overall speed can only be increased by 10 to 20%.