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Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone with peroxide group extracted from the stem and leaf of Artemisia annua.  The effect of the drug on the ultrastructure of p. murine red endostage is mainly the change of plasmodium membrane structure. The drug first acts on food vesicle membrane, surface membrane, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and also has certain effects on chromatin in the nucleus.  It is s ested that artemisinin mainly interferes with the function of mitochondria and surface membrane.  It may be that artemisinin acts on the membrane of food vesicles, thus blocking the earliest stage of nutrient uptake, leading to rapid amino acid starvation of plasmodium, rapid formation of autophagy vesicles, and continuous expulsion of plasmodium from the body, resulting in loss of a large amount of cytoplasm and death of plasmodium.  The uptake of tritium-labeled isoleucine by plasmodium falciparum in vitro also s ests that its initial mechanism of action may be inhibition of protozoal protein synthesis.