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Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NH2)2. It is a colorless, odorless solid that is highly soluble in water. Urea plays a crucial role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is widely used in various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics.

Chemical Properties:

• Molecular Formula: CO(NH2)2
• Molar Mass: 60.06 g/mol
• Appearance: White crystalline solid
• Odor: Odorless
• Density: 1.32 g/cm³
• Melting Point: 132.7 °C
• Boiling Point: Decomposes

Production:

Urea is produced on a large scale as a byproduct of the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The primary method of production is the urea synthesis reaction, where ammonia and carbon dioxide react under high pressure to form urea and water.

Agricultural Use:

In agriculture, urea is one of the most common forms of nitrogenous fertilizer due to its high nitrogen content (46%) and its ease of handling. It is used to replenish the nitrogen levels in soil, which is essential for plant growth and development. Urea can be applied directly to the soil or used as a component in compound fertilizers.