Isolation: Isolating dirty, contaminated areas from clean areas.
2. Barrier: Preventing fluid penetration.
3. Sterile Field: Creating a sterile operative environment by aseptic application of sterile materials.
4. Sterile Surface: Creating a sterile surface on the skin which acts as a barrier to prevent skin flora from migrating to the incision site.
5. Fluid Control: Channeling and collecting body and irrigation fluids.