Pine trees grow in the wild cold and taiga forest regions of the northern hemisphere, particularly of South Africa. They straight erect trees with large stem and reach up to 75 feet in height with pyramidal or umbrella like dense foliage spread.

The flowers of pine tree subsequently develop into a cone. The female cones take about two–three years to mature after pollination. At maturity, the female-cones may reach from as small as 3 cm, to a very large cone reaching about 35 cm. Scales at the base and tip of the cone tends to be small and sterile, and therefore, bear no seeds. Once mature and dry, the cones naturally open (split) up to release the seeds.

The two prominent pine species known for their large edible kernels include Pinus sibirica and Pinus koraiensis. Pine nuts feature tough dark-brown color coat or shell. Stone pines have a long slender kernel in comparison to oriental pines, which are broad, large and have higher fat content. Inside, the kernel has cream white color, delicate buttery flavor and sweet taste.