1.Properties

Material property	Value	Unit
Modulus of elasticity	2.2 × 1011	Pa
Density	8400	kg·m−3
Melting point	1400	°C
Electrical resistivity at room temperature	(1.0–1.5) × 10−6	Ω·m
Specific heat	450	J·kg−1·K−1
Thermal conductivity	11.3	W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	14 × 10−6	K−1
Standard ambient temperature and pressure used unless otherwise noted.

 

2.Additional properties

• Approximate current (A) to heat a straight oxidized wire to a given temperature

AWG	Diameter  (inches/mm)		400 °F (204 °C)	1000 °F (537 °C)	2000 °F (1093 °C)
8	0.128	3.251	22.4	52	128
10	0.102	2.591	16.2	37.5	92
12	0.081	2.057	11.6	26.5	65
22	0.0253	0.643	2.9	5.6	12.5
32	0.0080	0.2032	0.68	1.36	2.76
40	0.0031	0.0787	0.24	0.43	0.79

• Resistivity (ohms per foot) at 20 °C

AWG	Diameter  (inches/mm)		NiCrA	NiCrC
10	0.102	2.591	0.06248	0.06488
12	0.081	2.057	0.09907	0.1029
22	0.0253	0.643	1.015	1.055
32	0.0080	0.2032	10.16	10.55
40	0.0031	0.0787	67.64	70.24

• Increase in resistance with temperature

°F	°C	NiCrA	NiCrC
68	20	0	0
600	315	3.3%	5.2%
1000	538	6.3%	8.6%
2000	1093	6.0%	10.5%

• Almost any conductive wire can be used for heating, but most metals conduct electricity with

  great efficiency, requiring them to be formed into very thin and delicate wires in order to create

  enough resistance to generate heat. When heated in air, most metals then oxidize quickly,

  become brittle, and break. Nichrome wire, however, when heated to red-hot temperatures,

  develops an outer layer of chromium oxide,[1] which is thermodynamically stable in air, is mostly

  impervious to oxygen, and protects the heating element from further oxidation.

• Nichrome is used in the explosives and fireworks industry as a bridgewire in electric ignition

  systems, such as electric matches and model rocket igniters.

• Industrial and hobby hot-wire foam cutters use nichrome wire.

• Nichrome wire is commonly used in ceramic as an internal support structure to help some

  elements of clay sculptures hold their shape while they are still soft. Nichrome wire is used for its

  ability to withstand the high temperatures that occur when clay work is fired in a kiln.

• Nichrome wire can be used as an alternative to platinum wire for flame testing by colouring

   the non-luminous part of a flame to detect cations such as sodium, potassium, copper, calcium,

   etc.

•  Other areas of usage include motorcycle mufflers, in certain areas in the microbiological lab

   apparatus, as the heating element of plastic extruders by the RepRap 3D printing community,

   in the solar panel deployment mechanism of spacecraft LightSail-A, and as the heating coils

   of electronic cigarettes.

• The alloy price is controlled by the more expensive nickel content. Distributor pricing is typically

   indexed to market prices for nickel.

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