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Since the industrial era, sensors have helped humans make previously unknown and difficult to determine information easier to obtain and data more accurate. Sensors have become an extremely important infrastructure in the digital society. From smartphones to smart voice devices, and from energy platforms to industrial devices, sensors have always "incarnated" as the external organs connecting humans to machines, humans themselves, and the natural environment.

Sensors refer to multi-component integrated circuits with functions of information collection, processing, exchange, and storage. They are system level products that integrate sensing chips, communication chips, microprocessors, drivers, and software algorithms. They are fundamental, pioneering, and strategic industries related to the overall development of the manufacturing industry and national economic security.

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In modern industrial production, especially automated production processes, various sensors need to be used to monitor and control various parameters in the production process, so that the equipment can work in a normal or optimal state, and the product can achieve the best quality. Therefore, it can be said that without numerous excellent sensors, modern production would also lose its foundation. From an application perspective, sensors need to have a certain degree of accuracy, stability, and reliability. Most companies focus on improving the hardware of sensors, continuously utilizing new materials to make core sensor components, and improving the measurement performance of sensors by improving their manufacturing processes and methods.

Sensors are important equipment in intelligent manufacturing, and the development of electronic products has entered the digital era, with the demand for sensors becoming increasingly widespread. The market has increasingly high requirements for the accuracy, reliability, and response speed of sensors, and sensors are developing towards miniaturization, low energy consumption, and intelligence. With the development of digital technology and the improvement of intelligence level, intelligent sensors have become the main direction of development in the sensor industry.

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What is the function of the controller in the CPU The controller is the command and control center of the entire CPU, which consists of the instruction register (IR), program counter The PC (ProgramCounter) and Operations Controller 0C (OperationController) are composed of three components, which coordinate the orderly operation of the entire computer Work is extremely important. Below are some relevant introductions organized by the editor for everyone, hoping to be helpful! A brief introduction to the functions of the controller in the CPU (1) Arithmetic unit 1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) ALU mainly performs fixed-point arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), logical operations (AND or non XOR), and shift operations on binary data. stay Some CPUs also have shifters specifically designed to handle shift operations. Usually, an ALU consists of two inputs and one output. An integer execution unit is sometimes referred to as an IEU (Integer Execution Unit). We communicate The commonly used term 'CPU is XX bits' refers to the number of bits of data that ALU can process. 2. Floating Point Unit (FPU) FPU is mainly responsible for floating-point operations and high-precision integer operations. Some FPUs also have vector operation capabilities, while others have specialized

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 SE3008 KJ2005X1-SQ1 12P6383X032 VE3008 CE4002S1T2B8Vector processing unit. 3. Universal register set A universal register set is the fastest set of memory that stores the operands and intermediate results involved in the operation. RISC and CISC have significant differences in the design of general-purpose registers. CISC usually has very few registers, mainly due to the influence of the time Hardware costs are limited. For example, the x86 instruction set only has 8 general-purpose registers. So, CISC's CPU execution is mostly done by accessing memory The data in the memory, not in the register. This slows down the entire system. RISC systems often have many commonalities Registers, and the use of overlapping register windows and register heap techniques to fully utilize register resources. For the disadvantage of only supporting 8 general-purpose registers in the x86 instruction set, the latest CPUs of Intel and AMD both adopt a type called "register" The technology of "device renaming" allows the x86 CPU to break through the limit of 8 registers, reaching 32 or even more. However, phase For RISC, this technology requires an additional clock cycle for register operations to rename registers. 4. Dedicated register A dedicated memory is usually a set of status registers that cannot be changed by a program and is controlled by the CPU itself to indicate a certain state. (2) Controller The arithmetic unit can only perform calculations, while the controller is used to control the entire CPU's operation. 1. Instruction controller The instruction controller is a very important part of the controller, which needs to complete operations such as fetching and analyzing instructions, and then hand them over to the execution unit (ALU or FPU) to execute, while also forming the address of the next instruction. 2. Timing controller The function of a timing controller is to provide control signals in chronological order for each instruction. The timing controller includes a clock generator and frequency doubling definition

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CE4001S2T2B4 CE4005S2B4 CE4003S2B8 CE4003S2B7 VE3008 VE3007 VE3006 VE3005Among them, the clock generator emits a very stable pulse signal from a quartz crystal oscillator, which is the main frequency of the CPU; And the frequency doubling definition unit It defines how many times the CPU main frequency is the memory frequency (bus frequency). 3. Bus controller The bus controller is mainly used to control the internal and external buses of the CPU, including address buses, data buses, control buses, and so on. 4. Interrupt controller The interrupt controller is used to control various interrupt requests and queue them one by one based on their priority level CPU processing. 1. The function of the CPU controller is to analyze instructions and issue corresponding control signals. The CPU includes operational logic components, register components, and control components. 2. The Central Processing Unit, also known as the CPU, is a computing and control core of a computer introduced in 1971. It is the ultimate execution unit for information processing and program execution. The CPU includes operational logic components, register components, and control components, and has functions such as processing instructions, executing operations, controlling time, and processing data. Since its inception, it has made significant progress in logical structure, operational efficiency, and functional extension. Register components,