A graphite rod is a cylindrical piece made from graphite, a form of carbon. Graphite rods are widely used in various applications due to graphite's unique properties, such as high thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, lubricity, and resistance to high temperatures and corrosion. Here are some common uses of graphite rods:

1. Electrodes in Electrolysis
Graphite rods are often used as electrodes in electrolytic processes, such as in the production of aluminum (Hall-Héroult process) or chlorine (chlor-alkali process).

They are also used in batteries and fuel cells.

2. High-Temperature Applications
Graphite rods are used in high-temperature environments, such as in furnaces, as heating elements, or as crucibles for melting metals.

They are also used in the production of silicon and other semiconductors.

3. Nuclear Reactors
In nuclear reactors, graphite rods serve as moderators to slow down neutrons, enabling sustained nuclear reactions.

4. Lubrication
Graphite rods can be used as solid lubricants in high-temperature or vacuum environments where liquid lubricants would fail.

5. Electrical Applications
Due to their conductivity, graphite rods are used in electrical discharge machining (EDM), arc lamps, and other electrical applications.

6. Art and Writing
Graphite rods are the core material in pencils, where they are mixed with clay to create the "lead."

7. Scientific Research
Graphite rods are used in laboratories for experiments requiring conductive, non-reactive, or high-temperature-resistant materials.

Properties of Graphite Rods:
High thermal and electrical conductivity

Chemically inert (resistant to most acids and alkalis)

High melting point (around 3,600°C or 6,512°F)

Self-lubricating

Lightweight